Air Pollution law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Air Pollution law - Essay Example 30 billion (Colls 2002: p.1). One can agree with Colls (2002) who asserts, â€Å"Clearly we are paying a high price, both in lives and money, for polluting the atmosphere† (p.1). That’s why authorities and non-governmental organisations of all levels, from local to international, strive to establish regulations, standards and decision-making procedures for air pollution control. This paper is aimed to present an overview of major regulations in the air pollution control area at three levels: the world, the European Union and the United Kingdom. The overview will help to better understand similarities and differences in air pollution control on global and local scopes, as well as to trace the development of air pollution legislation. The first section introduces a concept of air pollution and gives a brief overview of its causes and effects, focusing mainly on hazards for health and environment. The following three sections describe current air pollution regulations, the ir predecessors and trends for the future development at the international level, in the EU and in the UK accordingly. In conclusion, the main points are summarised. 1. Air pollution, its causes and effects Air pollution was recognised as one of the major worldwide environmental problems in 1970s (UNECE 2004). In a broad sense pollution can be defined as â€Å"the introduction by man into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause hazard to human health, harm to living resources and ecological systems, damage to structure or amenity or interference with legitimate use of the environment† (Colls 2002: 1). The definition emphasises a determinative role of man in air pollution – only substances, which arise from people’s activities are counted as pollution; gases and chemicals produced in air naturally (e.g. from volcanoes or as a result of the vegetation decay) are not considered to be pollutants. The nature and intensity of people’s activities , the type of used chemicals and the surrounding meteorological conditions determine the composition and concentration of pollutants. It is widely acknowledged that motor vehicles produce the most toxic gases, and they are considered as the major source of outdoor air pollution. Outdoor air pollution is also caused by activities of industrial and commercial production plants, coal-fired power stations, cargo transports and other activities related to smoke and gas emission. Indoor air pollution is no less hazardous, in particular, in developing countries, where coal and biomass fuels are still widely used in homes for heating and cooking. According to WHO (2008), the air pollution level in such homes may be 10-50 times higher than maximum allowable values. Among pollutants having the most severe impact on health and environment are: â€Å"hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S)† (Clean Air World, n.d.). WHOE (2006) considers airborne fine dust, known as particulate matter (PM), as a very hazardous pollutant, which can be either emitted directly to the air or formed as a result of chemical reactions of certain gases (e.g. sulphur dioxide or ammonia (NH3)). There are also greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide

Starbucks Service Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Starbucks Service Marketing - Case Study Example Starbucks is one of the most-known names in the industry of coffee marketing services. The creation of a unique taste that carries the trademark of the business has made it possible for the owner of the organization to make a great name in the face of global market. Undeniably, this strategy of making everything unique while continuously developing has helped the entire business to make it possible for every plan to get along with the aims of the business. In this study, an understanding on how Starbucks operates as a part of the modern industry of commerce and servicing businesses in the world making it possible to make a great name known to many markets around the globe. Primarily, this paper shall focus on how much the business is able to create effective marketing strategies that are noted to have a great impact on the global recognition of the business' trademark. In the aspect of providing specific services to the public in exchange of personal gains mainly the profit, marketing plays an important role. Using effective marketing strategies, one can actually publicly discuss their intentions and the nature of their services to the society attracting prospective clients willingly to avail it as an answer to their respective needs. One of the most important elements to be considered in marketing services in the public is the aspect of pricing. Pricing basically identify one's offered services apart from the others. This concept, if used properly, can be a significant advantage of the one offering or a detrimental factor to the public identity of the person or corporation offering the service. Thus, the important elements regarding pricing must always be considered in effectively applying this approach. In the aspect of pricing, one must always consider competition with the general group and with the other entities offering the same service. The established price must be competitive to that of the others with an attractive nature with the general public to convert them to prospective clients. The price must cater to the public giving them the capability to acknowledge and utilize the service being offered by that of the specific servicing entity. Another element is the quality wherein the price can significantly stand as a marketing agent for the quality of the service. The price should be established not too low to be viewed as a low quality service but not too high to become an expansive mean of acquiring the said service. The price must be determined in the middle signifying that it is commensurable to a high-quality service in the cheapest possible approach. In addition, the price must also be established as appropriately synchronize with the present economic condition and pref erence of the society making it highly noticeable in the present market. In determining the effective price in the aspect of marketing services in the public, one must critically consider the important elements such as economic competition, quality identity, current market trends, and the public preferences regarding the service being offered. With a significant consideration of the said concept, servicing companies can establish an